...
The shared memory buffer shall be split into two regions for each playback session, one for a video stream, and the other for audio (only one concurrent audio track supported, for audio track selection previous audio must be removed first). Each region must be big enough to accommodate the largest possible frame of audio/video data plus associated decryption parameters and metadata. At the end there is also a separate section for webaudio regions (common for all playback sessions). The buffer shall initially be sized to 8Mb per playback session to allow some overhead + 10kB * number of webaudio regions. There can be 0 or more Web Audio regions per Rialto Client.
For apps that can support more than one concurrent playback the shared memory buffer shall be sized accordingly and partitioned into different logical areas for each playback session. The partitions need not necessarily be equally sized, for example if an app supports one UHD and one HD playback the 'HD' partition may be smaller. There can be 0 or more Web Audio regions per Rialto Client.
| draw.io Diagram |
|---|
| border | true |
|---|
| diagramName | Shared memory partitioning for multiple playbacks |
|---|
| simpleViewer | false |
|---|
| width | links | auto |
|---|
| tbstyle | top |
|---|
| lbox | true |
|---|
| diagramWidth | 1261 |
|---|
| revision | 2 |
|---|
|
...
| draw.io Diagram |
|---|
| border | true |
|---|
| diagramName | Shared memory buffer layout for AV stream |
|---|
| simpleViewer | false | width |
|---|
| links | auto |
|---|
| tbstyle | top |
|---|
| lbox | true |
|---|
| diagramWidth | 791 |
|---|
| revision | 1 |
|---|
|
...
| draw.io Diagram |
|---|
| border | true |
|---|
| diagramName | Metadata format v1 |
|---|
| simpleViewer | false |
|---|
| width | links | auto |
|---|
| tbstyle | top |
|---|
| lbox | true |
|---|
| diagramWidth | 431 |
|---|
| revision | 1 |
|---|
|
...
| draw.io Diagram |
|---|
| border | true |
|---|
| |
|---|
| diagramName | Shared memory buffer layout v2 |
|---|
| simpleViewer | false |
|---|
| width | |
|---|
| links | auto |
|---|
| tbstyle | top |
|---|
| lbox | true |
|---|
| diagramWidth | 1462 |
|---|
| revision | 13 |
|---|
|
V2 metadata uses protobuf to serialise the frames' properties to the shared memory buffer. This use of protobuf aligns with the IPC protocol but also allows support for optional fields and for fields to be added and removed without causing backward/forward compatibility issues. It also supports variable length fields so the MKS ID, IV & sub-sample information can all be directly encoded in the metadata, avoiding the complexities of interleaving them with the media frames and referencing them with offsets/lengths as used in the V1 metadata format.
enum SegmentAlignment { ALIGNMENT_UNDEFINED = 0; ALIGNMENT_NAL = 1; ALIGNMENT_AU = 2;
}
enum CipherMode { CIPHER_MODE_UNDEFINED = 0; CIPHER_MODE_CENC = 1; /* AES-CTR scheme */
CIPHER_MODE_CBC1 = 2; /* AES-CBC scheme */
CIPHER_MODE_CENS = 3; /* AES-CTR subsample pattern encryption scheme */
CIPHER_MODE_CBCS = 4; /* AES-CBC subsample pattern encryption scheme */
}
message MediaSegmentMetadata {
required optional uint32 length = 1; /* Number of bytes in sample */ required optional sint64 time_position = 2; /* Position in stream in nanoseconds */ required optional sint64 sample_duration = 3; /* Frame/sample duration in nanoseconds */ required optional uint32 stream_id = 4; /* stream id (unique ID for ES, as defined in attachSource()) */ optional uint32 sample_rate = 5; /* Samples per second for audio segments */ optional uint32 channels_num = 6; /* Number of channels for audio segments */ optional uint32 width = 7; /* Frame width in pixels for video segments */ optional uint32 height = 8; /* Frame height in pixels for video segments */ optional SegmentAlignment segment_alignment = 9; /* Segment alignment can be specified for H264/H265, will use NAL if not set */ optional bytes extra_data = 10; /* Buffer containing extradata */ optional bytes media_key_session_id = 11; /* Buffer containing key session ID to use for decryption */ optional bytes key_id = 12; /* Buffer containing Key ID to use for decryption */ optional bytes init_vector = 13; /* Buffer containing the initialization vector for decryption */ optional uint32 init_with_last_15 = 14; /* initWithLast15 value for decryption */ optional repeated SubsamplePair sub_sample_info = 15; /* If present, use gather/scatter decryption based on this list of clear/encrypted byte lengths. */ /* If not present and content is encrypted then entire media segment needs decryption (unless */ /* cipher_mode indicates pattern encryption in which case crypt/skip byte block value specify */ /* the encryption pattern) */ optional bytes codec_data = 16; /* Buffer containing updated codec data for video segments */ optional CipherMode cipher_mode = 17; /* Block cipher mode of operation when common encryption used */ optional uint32 crypt_byte_block = 18; /* Crypt byte block value for CBCS cipher mode pattern */ optional uint32 skip_byte_block = 19; /* Skip byte block value for CBCS cipher mode pattern */} message SubsamplePair { optional requiredFraction uint32_t num_clear_bytes frame_rate = 120; /* Fractional frame rate of the video segments */ }
message SubsamplePair { optional uint32_t num_clear_bytes = 1; /* How many of next bytes in sequence are clear */ required optional uint32_t num_encrypted_bytes = 2; /* How many of next bytes in sequence are encrypted */ } |
...
| PlantUML Macro |
|---|
| format | SVG |
|---|
| title | Render Frame |
|---|
|
@startuml
autonumber
box "Container" #LightGreen
participant Netflix
participant DPI
participant rialtoClient
end box
box "Platform" #LightBlue
participant rialtoServer
participant GStreamer_server
end box
Netflix -> DPI: renderFrame()
DPI -> rialtoClient: renderFrame()
rialtoClient -> rialtoServer: renderFrame()
opt Frame renderable
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: Trigger rendering of frame
optrialtoServer Frame rendered successfully
note across: It is a Netflix requirement to call updatePlaybackPosition() after--> rialtoClient: status=true
else renderFrame() called in bad state
rialtoServer --> rialtoClient: notifyPosition(position)status=false
end
rialtoClient --> DPI: notifyPosition(position)status
DPI --> Netflix: updatePlaybackPosition(pts)
rialtoServer --> rialtoClient: status=true
else
rialtoServer --> rialtoClient: status=false
end
else renderFrame() called in bad state
rialtoServer --> rialtoClient: status=false
end
rialtoClient
@enduml |
Media data pipeline
Note that the data pipelines for different data sources (e.g. audio & video) should operate entirely independently. Rialto should
- attempt to keep the shm buffer as full as possible by requesting a refill for that source whenever the source's memory buffer is empty
- attempt to push all available frames for a source to GStreamer, i.e. push until Gstreamer indicates that it can accept no more data
Cobalt to Gstreamer
| PlantUML Macro |
|---|
| format | SVG |
|---|
| title | Cobalt pushing media frames |
|---|
|
@startuml
autonumber
box "Container" #LightGreen
participant Cobalt
participant Starboard
participant GStreamer_client_appsrc
participant decrypter_element
participant ocdmProxy
end box
Cobalt --> DPI: status
DPI -> Starboard: --> Netflix: status
@enduml |
Media data pipeline
Note that the data pipelines for different data sources (e.g. audio & video) should operate entirely independently. Rialto should
- attempt to keep the shm buffer as full as possible by requesting a refill for that source whenever the source's memory buffer is empty
- attempt to push all available frames for a source to GStreamer, i.e. push until Gstreamer indicates that it can accept no more data
Cobalt to Gstreamer
| PlantUML Macro |
|---|
| format | SVG |
|---|
| title | Cobalt pushing media frames |
|---|
|
@startuml
autonumber
box "Container" #LightGreen
participant Cobalt
participant Starboard
participant GStreamer_client_appsrc
participant decrypter_element
participant ocdmProxy
end box
Cobalt -> Starboard: SbPlayerWriteSample2SbPlayerWriteSample2(player, sample[])
note right: Currently sample array size must be 1
Starboard -> Starboard: Create GstBuffer and add media data from sample to it
opt Sample encrypted
Starboard -> GStreamer_client_appsrc: gst_buffer_add_protection_meta(gst_buffer, decrytion_params)
end
Starboard -> GStreamer_client_appsrc: gst_app_src_push_buffer(app_src, gst_buffer)
GStreamer_client_appsrc --> decrypter_element: data flows through client pipeline
decrypter_element -> decrypter_element: gst_buffer_get_protection_meta(buffer)
opt Implementation before CBCS support added
decrypter_element -> ocdmProxy: opencdm_gstreamer_session_decrypt_ex(key_session, buffer, sub_samples, iv, kid, init_with_last_15, caps)
elseocdmProxy Implementation after CBCS support added
decrypter_element -> ocdmProxy: opencdm_gstreamer_session_decrypt_buffer(key_session, buffer, caps)
end
ocdmProxy Create gst struct containing encryption data decrytion_params
else Implementation after CBCS support added
decrypter_element -> ocdmProxy: Create gst struct containing encryption data decrytion_paramsopencdm_gstreamer_session_decrypt_buffer(key_session, buffer, caps)
end
ocdmProxy -> decrypter_element: gst_buffer_add_protection_meta(buffer, metadata)
note left
Decryption is deferred until the data is sent to Rialto so
attach the required decryption parameters to the media frame
which are then ready to be passed to Rialto when it requests
more data.
end note
@enduml |
...
| PlantUML Macro |
|---|
|
@startuml
autonumber
box "Container" #LightGreen
participant Cobalt
participant Starboard
participant GStreamer_client
participant rialtoClient
end box
box "Platform" #LightBlue
participant rialtoServer
participant GStreamer_server
end box
== Initialisation - register for callbacks ==
opt Video source attached
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: g_signal_connect(video_decoder, getVideoUnderflowSignalName_soc(), video_underflow_cb, user_data);
participant GStreamer_server
end box
== Initialisation --> rialtoServer:register for video_handler_id
endcallbacks ==
opt AudioVideo source attached
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: g_signal_connect(audiovideo_decoder, getAudioUnderflowSignalNamegetVideoUnderflowSignalName_soc(), audiovideo_underflow_cb, user_data);
GStreamer_server --> rialtoServer: audio_handler_id
end
== Termination - unregister for callbacks ==
opt Video source removed
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: g_signal_handler_disconnect(video_decoder, video_handler_id);
GStreamer_server --> rialtoServer: video_handler_id
end
opt Audio source removedattached
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: g_signal_handler_disconnectconnect(audio_decoder, getAudioUnderflowSignalName_soc(), audio_handler_id_underflow_cb, user_data);
GStreamer_server --> rialtoServer:
end
== Underflow ==
opt Data starvation in server AV pipeline
GStreamer_server -/ rialtoServer: video_underflow_cb() or audio_underflow_cb()
rialtoServer -> rialtoServer: Set pipeline state to pausedhandler_id
end
== Termination - unregister for callbacks ==
opt Video source removed
rialtoServer -/> rialtoClientGStreamer_server: notifyPlaybackState(pipeline_session, PLAYBACK_STATE_PAUSED)
rialtoClientg_signal_handler_disconnect(video_decoder, video_handler_id);
GStreamer_server --> rialtoServer:
end
opt Audio source removed
rialtoServer -/ > GStreamer_clientserver: notifyPlaybackState(pipeline_session, PLAYBACK_STATE_PAUSED)
rialtoServer g_signal_handler_disconnect(audio_decoder, audio_handler_id);
GStreamer_server --> rialtoServer:
end
== Underflow ==
opt Data starvation in server AV pipeline
GStreamer_server -/ rialtoClientrialtoServer: notifyNetworkState(pipeline_session, NETWORK_STATE_STALLED)
rialtoClient -/ GStreamer_client: notifyNetworkState(pipeline_session, NETWORK_STATE_STALLED)
note over Starboard, GStreamer_client
Starboard does not have any support for underflow
so the event can be ignored for this integration.
end note
note across
There will be one ore more pending need data requests at this point which if serviced will allow playback to resume
end note
end
== Recovery ==
opt rialtoServer detects that any need media data requests pending at point of underflow are now serviced and pushed to GStreamer_server || EOS signalled for any underflowed sources
note across
It is likely that underflow is due to one source becoming starved whilst data is buffered for other sources, so waiting until pending request(s) are serviced should allow playback to resume.
There are also some YT conformance tests that delay signalling EOS for an underflowed source whilst the other continues to stream hence the EOS condition to allow streaming to resume for the valid source.
end note
rialtoServer -> rialtoServer: Set pipeline state to playing
rialtoServer -/ rialtoClient: notifyNetworkState(pipeline_session, NETWORK_STATE_BUFFEREDvideo_underflow_cb() or audio_underflow_cb()
note across
underflow_enabled: Underflow is enabled when we're in playing state and source is attached.
underflow_cancelled: Underflow may be cancelled when haveData is called between notification from GStreamer and Underflow task handling.
end note
opt underflow_enabled && !underflow_cancelled
rialtoServer -/ rialtoClient: notifyBufferUnderflow(source_id)
rialtoClient -/ GStreamer_client: notifyBufferUnderflow(source_id)
GStreamer_client -/ Starboard: emit video_underflow_cb() or audio_underflow_cb()
note over Starboard, GStreamer_client
Starboard does not have any support for underflow
so the event can be ignored for this integration.
end note
end
note across
There will be one re more pending need data requests at this point which if serviced will allow playback to resume
end note
end
@enduml |
Non-fatal Playback Failures
Decryption: Any encrypted frames that fail to decrypt are dropped, and an error notification is propagated to the rialto-gstreamer, at which point a decryption error is raised on the sink.
| PlantUML Macro |
|---|
| format | SVG |
|---|
| title | Non-fatal Errors |
|---|
|
@startuml
autonumber
box "Container" #LightGreen
participant Application
participant rialtoGstreamer
participant rialtoClient
end box
box "Platform" #LightBlue
participant rialtoServer
participant GStreamer_server
end box
== Decryption ==
GStreamer_server -> rialtoServer: decrypt(buffer)
rialtoServer -> GStreamer_server: MediaKeyErrorStatus::Fail
GStreamer_server -> GStreamer_server: GST_BASE_TRANSFORM_FLOW_DROPPED
note over GStreamer_server
Frame is dropped but playback is unaffected.
end note
GStreamer_server -> rialtoServer: GST_MESSAGE_WARNING(src, GST_STREAM_ERROR_DECRYPT)
rialtoServer -/ rialtoClient: notifyPlaybackError(MediaSourceType, PlaybackError::DECRYPTION)
rialtoClient -/ GStreamer_client rialtoGstreamer: notifyNetworkState(pipeline_session, NETWORK_STATE_BUFFERED)
rialtoServer -/ rialtoClient: notifyPlaybackState(pipeline_session, PLAYBACK_STATE_PLAYING)
rialtoClient notifyPlaybackError(MediaSourceType, PlaybackError::DECRYPTION)
note over rialtoGstreamer
Posting an error message on the sink make the\n
sink unable to continue playing back content.
end note
rialtoGstreamer -/ GStreamer_client Application: notifyPlaybackState(pipeline_session, PLAYBACK_STATE_PLAYING)
end GST_MESSAGE_ERROR(sink, GST_STREAM_ERROR_DECRYPT)
@enduml |