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• -a , --all : Tell the command to automatically stage files that have been modified and deleted, but new files you have not told Git about are not affected.
• --p , --patch : Use the interactive patch selection interface to chose which changes to commit.
• -C <commit> ,  --reuse-message=<commit> : Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message and the authorship information (including the timestamp) when creating the commit.
• -c <commit> , --reedit-message=<commit> : Like -C, but with -c the editor is invoked, so that the user can further edit the commit message.
• --squash=<commit> : Construct a commit message for use with rebase --autosquash. 
• --branch : Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.
• -F <file> , --file=<file> : Take the commit message from the given file. Use - to read the message from the standard input.

Example:

$ edit hello.c
$ rm goodbye.c
$ git commit -a

The command git commit -a first looks at your working tree, notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, and performs necessary git add and git rm for you.

branch

To view a list of existing branches

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$ git branch [branch]

Synopsis: 

git branch [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current]
	[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
	[(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
	[--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
	[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
	[(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
	[--list] [<pattern>…​]
git branch [--track | --no-track] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
git branch (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
git branch --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
git branch (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
git branch (-c | -C) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
git branch (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>…​
git branch --edit-description [<branchname>]

Options:

• -d , --delete : Delete a branch.
• -D : Shortcut for --delete --force.
• --create-reflog : Create the branch’s reflog. 
• -f , --force :  Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists already. Without -f, git branch refuses to change an existing branch.

merge

Merges [branch] into current branch.

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