RDK Resources
[*RDK Preferred*]
Code Management Facility
RDK Forums
[RDK Conferences]
RDK Support
Archives
Papers & Presentations Archive
Table of Contents | ||
---|---|---|
|
This page captures the RDK-B Utopia module, its elements, design and high level description of the utilities involved. This document includes description details of the usage of third party open source utilities as part of Utopia. To understand the internal workings of each of these open source utilities please refer the project links shared alongside the utilities.
...
RDK-B has a layered architecture with layers having logically independent functionalities. Broadly the functionality of the gateway device is implemented through 3 main layers: Utopia, HAL , and CCSP.
The HAL layer abstracts the underlying hardware like MOCA, Wi-Fi, etc. through a standard set of API APIs defined as part of RDK-B HAL for the respective components. This HAL layer is implemented per platform and the rest of the components can be compiled to run on the new platform as iswithout major modifications. CCSP components implement the core of the gateway device functionality like, WiFi, user settings, parental control, reporting and configuration.
Utopia is a sub component within RDK-B that deals with a set of utilities and their initialisation initialization sequence to configure the base functionality of the gateway device.
...
Configuring the DHCP Server
L2 on board switches
Setting up the iptables
Process monitorsMonitors
Configure the Configuring MultiLan interfaces , create and creating bridges
Create Creating multiple VLans for isolating/securing the traffic across interfaces
draw.io Diagram | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Figure 1 - High level architecture of Utopia module
...
Utopia is a package with multiple independent utilities. These utilities are launched through a startup sequence using shell scripts.
Few of the sub components within componentswithin Utopia are:
Utopia also contains some of the Open Source Utilities like brctl, vconfig, dropbear, dibbler, ifconfig, iptables, ip rule, ip route, ebtables, portmap and so onswctl.
Utopia also contains swctl:
As described in the previous section Utopia is launched and initialised through a set of shell scripts. This section details the scripts and the initialisation sequence.
draw.io Diagram | ||
---|---|---|
|
|
Figure 2 - Utopia Initialization Sequence Diagram
...
Application processor CPU kernel comes up
Initialize GWSDK using a PCD script present in /etc/scripts/gwsdk.pcd
L2 Switch driver initialization completed
RPC management server initialized
Start gw_prov_utopia which will initialise CCSP system configuration through utopia_init.sh.
...
Registration: Run all executables in the sysevent registration directory /etc/utopia/registration.d.
Setting up private IPC VLAN on interface l2sd0 with vlan ID 500 using switch handler /etc/utopia/service.d/service_multinet/handle_sw.sh
Setting up RADIUS VLAN on interface l2sd0 with vlan ID 4090 using switch handler /etc/utopia/service.d/service_multinet/handle_sw.sh
Create IOT VLAN on ARM. Adding VLAN with ID 106 to internal switch using swctl and creating a virtual interface on l2sd0 with VLAN ID 106.
Start dropbear process from service 'service_sshd.sh' with event 'sshd-start'.
Setting Multicast MAC before any switch configuration using service 'service_multinet_exec' with event 'set_multicast_mac'
Utopia initialization is completed by creating utopia_inited flag
Scripts are the sysevent handlers which are tied up with different events
Few scripts that bring up all interface and initialisesinitialize interfaces
service_bridge
./service.d/service_bridge_arm.sh
./service.d/service_bridge/dhcp_link.sh
./service.d/service_bridge.sh
./service.d/service_bridge_puma7.sh
...
service_syslog
./service.d/service_syslog/syslog_rotate_monitor.sh
./service.d/service_syslog.sh
Each service has three default events that it should handle:
${SERVICE_NAME}-start
${SERVICE_NAME}-stop
${SERVICE_NAME}-restart
...
Name of a handler to be activated upon some event:
Code Block |
---|
HANDLER="/etc/utopia/service.d/new_service_handler.sh” |
Register for $HANDLER to be activated whenever <event_name> changes value. Ensure that if multiple value changes occur, then only one instance of $HANDLER will be run at a time.
Code Block |
---|
sysevent async event_name $HANDLER |
Register for $HANDLER to be activated whenever any value is SET for <event_name>
Code Block |
---|
sysevent async event_name $HANDLER |
...
sysevent setoptions event_name $TUPLE_FLAG_EVENT |
Register for $HANDLER to be activated whenever <event_name> changes value. If multiple value changes occur, do NOT enforce that only one instance of $HANDLER will be run at a time.
Code Block |
---|
sysevent async_with_flags $ACTION_FLAG_NOT_THREADSAFE event_name $HANDLER |
Register for $HANDLER to be activated whenever <event_name> changes and pass the parameter "new_param" as the second parameter in the activation of the handler
Code Block |
---|
sysevent async event_name $HANDLER new_param |
Unregistering
The calls to sysevent async or sysevent async_with_flags will return an async id. The async id can be used to cancel notifications.
Example:
Code Block |
---|
asyncid=`sysevent async event_name $HANDLER`; |
...
sysevent set event_name_asyncid_1 $asyncid |
and later
Code Block |
---|
sysevent rm_async `sysevent get event_name_asyncid_1` |
No Format |
---|
TUPLE_FLAG_NORMAL=0x00000000
TUPLE_FLAG_SERIAL=0x00000001
TUPLE_FLAG_EVENT=0x00000002
ACTION_FLAG_NORMAL=0x00000000
ACTION_FLAG_NOT_THREADSAFE=0x00000001
ACTION_FLAG_COLLAPSE_PENDING_QUEUE=0x00000002 |
...
Utility | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|
brctl | It is a tool used to configure Ethernet bridge (Network Bridging) |
...
...
vconfig |
---|
...
It allows user to create and remove vlan-devices on a vlan enabled kernel. Vlan-devices are virtual Ethernet devices which represents the virtual lans on the physical lan. |
...
...
dropbear |
---|
...
It is a lightweight SSH2 server designed to be small enough to be used in small memory environments, while still being functional and secure enough. |
...
...
dibbler |
---|
...
It is an implementation of DHCPv6 Server/Client |
...
...
ifconfig |
---|
...
Utility used to configure a network interface |
...
...
iptables |
---|
...
Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT |
...
...
ip rule |
---|
...
Utility used to manipulate rules in the routing policy database control the route selection algorithm |
...
...
ip route |
---|
...
Utility used to manipulate routing tables |
...
...
ebtables |
---|
...
It is an application program used to set up and maintain the tables of rules (inside the Linux kernel) that inspect Ethernet frames. It is analogous to the iptables application, but less complicated, due to the fact that the Ethernet protocol is much simpler than the IP protocol. |
...
...
portmap |
---|
...
It is a server that converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers. It must be running in order to make RPC calls. |
...
https://linux.die.net/man/8/portmap | ||
walled garden | Walled garden is used to restrict internet for devices prior to activation. Once the activation is completed, the device downloads a walled garden config file and the internet is provisioned. | https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/walled-garden.htm |
---|---|---|
igd | Internet Gateway Device (IGD) Standardized Device Control Protocol[1] is a protocol for mapping ports in network address translation (NAT) setups, supported by some NAT-enabled routers. It is a common communications protocol for automatically configuring port forwarding, and is part of an ISO/IEC Standard rather than an Internet Engineering Task Force standard. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Gateway_Device_Protocol |
HNAP | The Home Network Administration Protocol (HNAP) is an HTTP-Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)-based protocol that can be implemented inside of network devices to allow advanced programmatic configuration and management by remote entities. | HNAP |
Syscfg_create executable creates shared memory with user configuration data (/nvram/syscfg.db). This is present in the code base at the location /ccsp/utopia/source/syscfg
draw.io Diagram | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Apply_system_defaults executable reads the data from system_defaults file (path: /etc/utopia/system_defaults) and compares with syscfg.db, in case of any data is missing in syscfg, those defaults are written in to shared memory. On start of any module, data is read from the shared memory during initialization.
If syscfg.db does not exists (e.g in case of factory reset) apply_system_default executable writes all default data on to shared memory and syscfg_commit() gets called which in turn creates syscfg.db.
syscfg variable definations are defined under utopia(syscfg_lib.c file).
/nvram/syscfg.db, is a database of all the syscfg variables info. when ever we set a value using "syscfg set" the value will be updated in syscfg.db file.
Panel |
---|
Examples: syscfg get wan_physical_ifname Note: The RDK data model naming convention prefix was changed in March 2020 to “X_RDK_”. We request you use the new prefix going forward. |
Gw_prov_utopia exe calls Init script. Init script executes all executables present in /etc/utopia/registration.d/ directory. 10_firewall exe is responsible for firewall events and it registers for sysevent callback with service name as firewall. Handler script is firewall_log_handle.sh. If any firewall event occurs sysevent is triggered with firewall-restart event name.
draw.io Diagram diagramName firewall initialization process flow.drawio revision 1
Firewall Initialization Process
draw.io Diagram diagramName firewall initialization process 2.drawio revision 1
On firewall-restart event service_start() method gets called. Ip4table and Ip6table rules are prepared by reading data from shared memory, written into /tmp/.ipt and /tmp/.ipt_v6 files respectively. Iptable rules are restored using these files.
Following sequence explains flow when a SET from SNMP, TR69 or CLI is done:
Eg. Second row entry details are saved as shown below in xml.
pcms_2::method=URL
pcms_2::always=1
pcms_2::end_time=
ManagedSiteBlock_2=pcms_2
pcms_2::alias=cpe-BlockedURL-2
pcms_2::days=
pcms_2::site=https://www.wellsfargo.com
pcms_2::ins_num=2
pcms_2::start_time=
draw.io Diagram diagramName EXAMPLE SET FLOW FOR PC URL 1.drawio revision 1
Example set flow for PC URL